Northern Arabian Kingdoms

1. Nabataean Kingdom (c. 168 BCE – 106 CE)
2. Kingdom of Hatra (c. 3rd century BCE – 241 CE)
3. Kingdom of Edessa (Osroene) (132 BCE – 244 CE)
4. Lakhmid Kingdom (c. 300 CE – 602 CE)
5. Ghassanid Kingdom (c. 220 CE – 638 CE)

Southern Arabian Kingdoms

1. Kingdom of Saba (Sheba) (c. 1200 BCE – 275 CE)
2. Himyarite Kingdom (c. 110 BCE – 525 CE)
3. Kingdom of Ma'in (c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE)
4. Kingdom of Qataban (c. 500 BCE – 200 CE)
5. Kingdom of Hadramaut (c. 800 BCE – 300 CE)

Central & Eastern Arabian Tribal Confederations

1. Kindah Kingdom (c. 4th – 6th century CE)

Eastern Arabian Kingdoms

1. Gerrha (c. 500 BCE – 3rd century CE)
2. Tylos (Bahrain) (c. 3rd century BCE – 5th century CE)